Introduction Where do people live—and why? From ancient huts near rivers to today’s mega-cities filled with skyscrapers, human settlements are more than just buildings. They reflect how people adapt to
Introduction Imagine a time when most people lived in villages, worked on farms, and made things by hand. Then came a huge shift—machines, factories, and mass production changed everything. This
Introduction Every time we turn on a tap, we rarely stop to think: “Where is this water coming from?” and more importantly, “What if it runs out?” The truth is,
Introduction Have you ever paused to think about where your rice, wheat, or vegetables come from? Every grain on your plate has a story—one that begins in the soil. The
Introduction Step outside on a scorching afternoon, watch the news about floods, or hear farmers worry about changing seasons. These are all signs of one big problem—climate change. The Earth
Introduction The world is changing fast—not just in terms of technology and cities, but also in how many people are living on the planet. Every day, thousands of babies are
Introduction Have you ever stood in front of a mountain or gazed across a wide open plain and wondered how it came to be? The Earth’s surface, which may seem
Introduction Look outside—whether you see rolling hills, a towering mountain, a wide plain, or a meandering river, you’re looking at a landform. These natural shapes make up the surface of
Introduction Everything we build, grow, and use comes from nature—whether it’s water from a river, wood from a forest, or metal from the earth. These are called natural resources, and